SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
(D.C.E. Semester)
• Who is an Entrepreneur ?
✓ An Entrepreneur initiates and establishes an economic activity or enterprise for the development of wealth in the society. A technical person makes more competent entrepreneur because of his knowledge and special characteristics. He works to achieve excellence and independence. The central government of India has established a network of support system to spread entrepreneurial culture for economic growth. An entrepreneur is different person and has special psychological and social disposition. He possess special qualities e of risk taking and commitment. International labour organization of United Nations has compiled the characteristics and traits of an entrepreneur managerial skill development programmes.
• What are the qualities of an Entrepreneur ?
✓ There are some basic and important qualities that makes an proper entrepreneur,
- For an entrepreneur, winning is the best achievement. They has strong desire to achieve a higher goal and fulfill their dreams.
- An entrepreneur is fully absorbed in his goal. He works hard to complete his project successfully. He is not deferred by difficulties and problems.
- An entrepreneur loves moderate risk situation which is exciting but has a fair chance of success. He is not a Gambler nor High risk taker nor play wild speculative game.
- Entrepreneur is quick to see and seize opportunities. He has innovative mind and converts difficulties into opportunities. He is also realistic.
- Entrepreneur have practical approach to business without personal likes and dislikes.
- Entrepreneur is always likes quick and accurate data and information. He is stimulated to unfavorable news and applies more energy to attain his objectives.
- Entrepreneur is an achievement oriented person and is optimistic in unfamiliar situations.
- An entrepreneur always likes to be his own master and wants to be responsible for his own decisions.
- An entrepreneur will evaluate his decision carefully with his open mind.
- An entrepreneur thinks in future, plans and works to make his plans successful.
• Draw and level two stack system of a sewer in a multi storied building.
✓ The drawings is right below it :
 |
| Double Stack System |
• Give some examples of Traps and draw one of them by leveling.
✓ There are some types of Traps given below,
Building Trap, Grease Trap, Drum Trap, Running Trap, Straight-Through Trap, low-level Bath Trap, Bell Trap, Floor Trap or Nahni Trap, Gully Trap, P, Q, and S-Trap, Intercepting Trap, Trap, Bottle trap etc.
• Write a short note on different types of Pipes and Joints.
✓ Different types of Pipe Joints are given below,
- Threaded joint ➣ When pipes are joined by screwing in threads which are provided in the pipe, it is called a threaded joint. In this joint, one of the pipes has internal threads whereas the other pipe has threads externally. The threads are also made in various pipes like PVC, CI pipes, copper pipes and GI pipes, etc. Threaded joints are used from 6 mm diameter to 300 mm diameter pipes.
- Welded joint (butt welded, socket welded) ➣ It is one of the most common methods of joining pipes used in large infrastructure like commercial, institutional and industrial systems. Cost of material are low, but the labour costs are more due to the non- availability of trained welders and fitters. These are used when there is a high chance of leakage in the joints. Pipes are joined as putting one into other and welded around the joint, as shown in Fig. 5.22. Pipes having different diameters are suitable for this type of a joint. Socket-welded joint gives good results as compared to other joints.
- Brazed joint ➣ When pipes are joined with the help of molten filler material at above 840°C, it is called brazing. Brazing is done for connecting copper pipes or copper alloy pipes. It is important to note that the melting point of the parent material (pipe material) should be higher than the filler material. Brazed joints have less mechanical strength, and are preferred in case of moderate temperatures
- Soldered joint ➣ Soldering and brazing are similar activities. In soldering, the filler material melts below 840oC. With the help of soldering, copper and copper alloy pipes are joined. During soldering, flux or metal joining material is used to prevent oxidation due to the flame. Soldered joints are suitable for low temperature areas and have low mechanical strength.
- Grooved joint ➣ When two pipes are joined together by making grooves (narrow cuts or depression) at the end of pipes with the help of sockets or couplings, such joints are called grooved joints. Due to the ease of assembly of the grooved joints, the labour cost is less. The piping system can be easily uninstalled and reinstalled frequently for maintenance. These are mostly used for fire protection.
- Flanged joint ➣ This joint is commonly used for joining pipes in pumping stations, filter plants, hydraulic laboratories and boiler houses, etc. These joints are preferred due to easy process of assembly and disassembly, however these connections are costly. These joints can be disassembled and re-assembled when required. A pipe has flanged ends on both sides of the pipe length. Both the ends of pipes are joined at a proper level near one another. A hard rubber washer is placed between flanges and bolted. Flanges are generally fixed to the pipe by welding or threading. In certain cases, a flange-type joint is also called a lap joint. It may also be made by forging the process and machining the pipe end. There is no leakage in flanged joints even after rapid temperature fluctuations.
- Compression joint ➣ These are applied to join the pipe without any preparations. The cost of installation of these joints is very economical. The pipes having plain ends are joined by fixing fittings at their ends, and such a joint is called a compression joint. The pipe ends are joined with threaded fittings or couplings. Joints are placed properly to check the flow pressure, otherwise, leakage may occur. These fittings are manufactured from different types of material. Selection of fittings is done as per requirement.
Now different types of Pipe, some of the commonly used and best pipes are as under:
1. Cast iron Pipe.
2. G.I. Pipe.
3. Wrought Iron Pipe.
4. Steel Pipe.
5. Copper Pipe.
6. Plastic Pipe.
7. Asbestos Cement Pipe
8. Concrete Pipe.
9. Vitrified Clay Pipe.
(For more details just visit : https://civilseek.com/types-of-pipes/)
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